Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are highly mobile wireless ad hoc networks for vehicular safety and other commercial\r\napplications, whereby vehicles move non-randomly along roads while exchanging information with other vehicles and roadside\r\ninfrastructures. Inter-vehicle communication (IVC) is achieved wirelessly using multihop communication, without access to fixed\r\ninfrastructure. Rapid movement and frequent topology changes cause repeated link breakages, increasing the packet loss rate.\r\nGeographical routing protocols are suitable for VANETs. However, they select the node nearest to the destination node as a relay\r\nnode within the transmission range, increasing the possibility of a local maximum and link loss because of high mobility and urban\r\nroad characteristics.We propose a grid-based predictive geographical routing (GPGR) protocol, which overcomes these problems.\r\nGPGR uses map data to generate a road grid and to predict the moving position during the relay node selection process. GPGR\r\ndivides roads into two-dimensional road grids and considers every possible node movement. By restricting the position prediction\r\nin the road grid sequence, GPGR can predict the next position of nodes and select the optimal relay node. Simulation results using\r\nns-2 demonstrated performance improvements in terms of local maximum probability, packet delivery rate, and link breakage\r\nrate.
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